Wednesday, September 8, 2010

Palm Oil and Health: A Case of Manipulated Perception and Misuse of Science

In the 1980s, a combination of forces came together to convince the public that food products containing tropical oils contributed to their risk of coronary heart disease. Tropical oils were competing with the U.S. soy bean oil market as an alternative vegetable oil, yet they were higher in saturated fat, which had become the target of the health promotion community for its theoretical association with coronary heart disease risk. Successful national campaigns were undertaken to force food manufacturers to remove tropical oils, including palm oil, from their products and to replace them with hydrogenated vegetable oils, resulting in increased intakes of trans-fatty acids, which later became the target of the same advocacy groups. Today palm oil is being touted as a suitable replacement for hydrogenated vegetable oils.
 Nothing else to say really. Quite sad really, that people have a negative impression of a healthy oil.

Reference: Donald J McNamara, Palm Oil and Health: A Case of Manipulated Perception and Misuse of Science Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 29, No. 3_Supplement_1, 240S-244S (2010) 

Tuesday, September 7, 2010

Zinc - it helps your bones

Everyone knows the calcium is essential for bone health in our older years. What amazes me is that there is a host of other nutrients that directly impact bone density/health that people are not aware of. Vitamin D and magnesium are the ones that immediately come to mind.

Well we need to add Zinc to the list. It turns out that:
Zinc is an essential trace mineral that is a component of >200 enzymes and is known to be necessary for normal collagen synthesis and mineralization of bone. In animals, zinc deficiency has been associated with abnormalities in bone growth, bone formation, and mineralization. A significant positive correlation between human bone zinc content and bone strength suggests that zinc may play a role in bone health. Low zinc intake has been reported to be associated with low bone mass in women. Furthermore, reduced serum or plasma zinc concentrations and increased urinary zinc excretion have also been reported in women with osteoporosis 
This is taken from an introduction to 2004 paper. Hence this information is at least 6 years old. Now last time you saw anyone about your bone health - did they tell you about the importance of zinc. Not likely. Medical professionals are to busy to be keeping up with the latest nutritional information.......

The study then went onto show that zinc plasma levels in elderly men are correlated with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is actually serious in men as well as women. With 1 in 8 men over 50 having a bone fracture due to this disease. 
 

Reference: Taisun H Hyun, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor and David B Milne Zinc intakes and plasma concentrations in men with osteoporosis: the Rancho Bernardo Study American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 80, No. 3, 715-721, September 2004 

Sunday, September 5, 2010

feeling down - maybe take some more thiamin...... in a supplement....

Doing some research connecting nutrition to sleeping issues. Picked up my first edition of Vitamins and Hormones, printed in 1943. Came across this quote:
Recent knowledge concerning thiamin [thiamine] shows that many symptoms are produced by deficiency and exist long before the development of clinical beriberi...... there earlier symptoms are usually classified under the heading of a neurasthenic syndrome and consist  essentially of the triad of anorexia, fatigability and sleep disturbances...... other symptoms are produce such as .... queer feelings in the abdomen [had to include that LOL], constipation, backache, headache....
This sounds like chronic fatigue, or depression or general blahness. I know headaches are the bane of GP's as there is normally no concrete reason/diagnosis.

Well how much thiamine do you need daily to prevent these symptoms? 1.8 mg of thiamine. (The current RDI is 1.0 mg to  1.4 mg.) I used the Linus Pauline Institute data on high vitamin B1/thiamine foods. The table below is the levels you need to eat to obtain 1.8 mg of thiamine :


Food   Food amount Units
Wheat germ breakfast cereal  0.4  cup
Fortified breakfast cereal  1.8  cup
Peas (cooked)  4.3  cup
Lentils (cooked)  5.3  cup
Long grain white rice, enriched (cooked)  6.9  cup
Cantaloupe  8.2  fruit
Long grain brown rice (cooked)  9.5  cup
Spinach (cooked)  10.0  cup
White bread, enriched  16.4  cup
Whole wheat bread  18.0  cup
Orange  18.0  fruit
Milk  18.0  cup
Long grain white rice, unenriched (cooked)  45.0  cup
Egg (cooked)  60.0  egg
Pork, lean (cooked)  210.0  g
Pecans  265.3  g
Brazil nuts  280.0  g


I like eggs - but 60 of them?! Or have some milk, 18 cups worth that is only 4 and 1/2 liters!What I find somewhat ironic and rather disturbing is that one of the best sources of thiamine is fortified cereal. This is a blatant statement that we need to supplement. We can't get enough through our normal food so we have to add a vitamin to cereals - This is supplementing, just hidden supplementation. So to all of you who don't think you need to supplement - answer this - why do they fortify cereals?  And secondly how do you achieve your 1.8mg of thiamine ?!

To make sure that I was only using one set of data I then used the data from Worlds Healthiest Foods to create this table:



Food Food level units
Sunflower seeds, raw 0.5  cup
Sesame seeds 1.6  cup
Black beans, cooked 4.3  cup
Green peas, boiled 4.4  cup
Split peas, cooked 4.9  cup
Navy beans, cooked 4.9  cup
Corn, yellow, cooked 5.0  cup
Lentils, cooked 5.5  cup
Pinto beans, cooked 5.6  cup
Lima beans, cooked 6.0  cup
Kidney beans, cooked 6.4  cup
Oats, whole grain, cooked 6.9  cup
Asparagus, boiled 8.2  cup
Spinach, boiled 10.6  cup
Brussel sprouts, boiled 10.6  cup
Winter squash, baked, cubes 10.6  cup
Pineapple 12.9  cup
Watermelon, diced 15.0  cup
Carrots, raw 15.0  cup
Tomato, ripe 16.4  cup
Oranges 16.4  cup
Cabbage, shredded, boiled 20.0  cup
Broccoli, steamed 20.0  cup
Green beans, boiled 20.0  cup
Eggplant, cooked, cubes 22.5  cup
Summer squash, cooked, slices 22.5  cup
Collard greens, boiled 22.5  cup
Grapes 22.5  cup
Kale, boiled 25.7  cup
Celery, raw 30.0  cup
Mustard greens, boiled 30.0  cup
Bell peppers, red, raw, slices 30.0  cup
Turnip greens, cooked 30.0  cup
Swiss chard, boiled 30.0  cup
Romaine lettuce 32.7  cup
Cauliflower, boiled 36.0  cup


Now at least this table has some intakes that might be obtainable. I could have 1/2 cup of sunflower seeds in a shake or on top of my cereal.  But 4 cups of beans..... I don't think so. How about juice asparagus and spinach cooked are 8 and 10 cups respectively. There would be loose in cooking, however there is also lose in juicing as it is impossible to get all the nutrients out of the vege's (if we could get it all the waste would be white). So let us say lose is same between cooking and juicing. Therefore need to juice 8-10cups. This is a rather large amount! When we make juice at home we have 1/4 - 1/3 of the juice as green stuff, otherwise it gets a bit over powering. So odds of doing 10 cups, slim and non.

Therefore if you ware not feeling 100%, bit tired, not sleeping quite right, having not much of an appetite, take some vitamin B supplements (well a multi would be better).

Thursday, September 2, 2010

Addicted to carrots - Seriously !!!!

You can get addicted to carrots !!!!! I would have never thought..... it was an Australian...... so a inter Tasman dig would go well here.To quote the conclusion (she stopped eating carrots when she stopped smoking):
Compusive carrot eating, regarded as a rare condition, has received scant documentation, unlike hypercarotenemia due to unusual diets or food fads. Nervousness, craving, insomnia, waterbrash and irritability are associated with withdrawal from excessive carrot eating. The basis for the addiction is believed to be beta carotene, found in carrots. Does carrot eating, an aggressively oral activity, merely act as a behavioural substitute for smoking? Or does beta carotene contain a chemical element that replicates the addictive component of nicotine?
So there you have it folks - another addiction to watch out for!


Reference: Kaplan R.Carrot addiction.Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1996 Oct;30(5):698-700.

Wednesday, September 1, 2010

Sleep hormone helps with sleep!

This kind of goes in the "thanks but I already know" file. However it is now official that melatonin helps with poor sleep aka insomnia.

To my mind it obvious - melatonin is a sleep hormone - taking a sleep hormone would help you with yours sleep. Sure you don't know if the melatonin is absorbed across the stomach/intestinal wall, then transported in the blood to the brain boundary, makes it across the brain boundary and activates the right part of the brain.

So I guess it shouldn't be a given, the effect might just be placebo...... however I have really enjoyed using it!

copper - worth its salt reference

Last year I blogged about how copper in supplements must be a copper salt or amino acid chelate. Never ever take a supplement with copper oxide in it. This is because you can't absorb it.

However in writing the post I was unable to find the original paper that I read so couldn't find the reference. Hunting in my office again for the paper last night uncovered it in the file called "metals". I love old fashioned paper filing systems, however the are a lot harder to search than an electronic one.

Great news is putting this posting in I can record the paper details so if I ever lose it again it is a click away (plus a trip to my local hospitals library).

Go and grab your multi and have a close look at the label - if it has copper as copper oxide (CuO or CuO2) then tip it down your sink (or donate to homeless)

Reference: Baker, D., Cupric oxide should not be used as a copper supplement for either animals or humans. Journal of Nutrition vol 129 pg 2278-79. 1999.

Monday, August 30, 2010

Graph that explains optimal nutrient intake


All I can say is I wish I had seen this for my book. This explains the concept around optimal nutrient level perfectly. The RDI's were set based upon (1) or (2) level of deficiency eg death or clinical effects. This is clearly significantly lower than for the AROI, or optimal dose. I should point out that this is a theoretical graph and there could be even a larger distance between levels (1) or (2) and the optimal level. 

Reference: Christine Hotz, Nicola M. Lowe, Magdalena Araya and Kenneth H. Brown Assessment of the Trace Element Status of Individuals and Populations: The Example of Zinc and Copper Supplement: 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals  J. Nutr. 133:1563S-1568S, May 2003